However, the eggs, which are laid in the liver, must mature outside of the host body in the environment prior to infecting a new. The liver of each rat was grossly and histologically examined for the presence of c. Two subsequent stool examinations were reported by our laboratory as negative for capillaria hepatica ova. Its primary hosts are rodents, and there is a high prevalence of infection in the brown rat rattus norvegicus lloyd and others 2002. Transactions of the royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene, vol.
Adultos sao frequentemente encontrados parasitando roedores e varios outros mamiferos, e ocasionalmente o homem. Hepatic pathology in capillaria hepatica infected mice. It is the causative agent of the rare conditions of hepatic capillariosis and spurious c. Calodium hepaticum, capillaria hepatica, intestinal parasites, stool, indians, brazil 1 introduction calodium hepaticum syn. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Experimental hepatic fibrosis due to capillaria hepatica. Capillaria belongs to the nematode superfamily trichinelloidae. Nomenclature varies in use globally and by discipline. Hepaticola hepatica is a cosmopolitan parasite of the liver of rodents and lagomorphs, encountered sporadically in dogs, cats, hyraxes and primates. Pdf capillaria hepatica in man an overview of hepatic capillariosis.
There are medications and treatment options available to cure both forms of capillariasis, but, without treatment, capillariasis can lead to death. Natural and experimental calcification in capillaria hepatica infection1, american journal of epidemiology, volume 34sectiond, issu. Cykl zycia tego pasozyta moze sie zamknac w organizmie jednego zywiciela, ale jaja zawarte w watrobie, musza dojrzewac na zewnatrz organizmu zywiciela w srodowisku przed zainfekowaniem nowego gospodarza. A few cases have been reported in japan, iran, egypt, and taiwan. Capillaria hepatica definition of capillaria hepatica by. Capillariasis is a parasitic infection cause by two species of nematodes, capillaria hepatica, which causes hepatic capillariasis, and capillaria philippinensis, which causes intestinal capillariasis. Mebendazole, is the drug of choice for adults, 200 mg orally twice a day for 20 days. Dpdx capillariasis is a parasitic disease in humans caused by two different species of capillarids. The family lived largely on wild meat, including conejo pintada, a small amphibian rodent, and venison and birds. Thomas capillaria hepatica is a parasitic nematode which causes hepatic capillariasis in rodents and. Anatomical studies showed that the liver was the principal site of colonization by these parasites and. Capillaria hepaticainduced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Serological detection of capillaria hepatica by indirect.
Capillaria hepatica has a direct life cycle, with no intermediate host. Dpdx laboratory identification of parasites of public health concern. Capillariasis is the name of the disease caused by infection with capillaria species referred to often as hairworms or threadworms, which are a type of internal parasite. Cases have also been reported from china, egypt, indonesia, iran, japan, korea, lao pdr, taiwan and thailand. Capillaria hepatica infection in wild brown rats rattus. Capillaria hepatica is a zoonotic parasite in humans and animals and has a worldwide distribution. Capillaria hepatica ma ksztalt smuklego niciena o maksymalnych rozmiarach do 78mm x 0. Schering plough administered by the orogastric route as saline solution. Capillaria hepatica wikivisually capillariasis image library page 2 table 1 from ultrastructure of capillaria hepatica syn. Eggs are unembryonated when seen in human feces an indication of a spurious infection. Human capillariasis caused by capillaria hepatica syn. Capillaria hepatica in wild norway rats rattus norvegicus.
We describe the 2nd european case of hepatic capillariasis. Capillaria hepatica calodium hepaticum in a british dog. Reports of cases in dogs have been few, but indicate a wide distribution of the parasite. We hereby report a fourteenmonthold child who presented with pyrexia of unknown origin. Beim menschen wurden bis 2007 lediglich 37 falle dokumentiert. Capillaria hepatica is a parasitic nematode which causes hepatic capillariasis in rodents and numerous other mammal species, including humans. Rats infected with the helminth capillaria hepatica constitute a good experimental model of such fibrosis. Capillaria hepatica calodium hepaticum infection in a.
Pathogenesis of hepatic septal fibrosis associated with. Pdf capillaria hepatica calodium hepaticum infection in a horse. Fibrosis is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue in a reparative or reactive process. However, the eggs, which are laid in the liver, must mature outside of the host body in the environment prior to infecting a new host. Capillaria hepatica is an important biological control used especially in australia to control the excessive rodent populations and the plagues that accompany them. They can cause hepatica capillariasis, a serious liver disorder, which may be found both in humans and animals 11 14.
Clonorchis sinensis and capillaria hepatica are zoonotic parasites that mainly infect the liver and cause serious liver disorders. The child recovered completely after treatment with thiabendazole mintezol, merck, sharp and dohme, hoddeston, uk. Capillaria hepatica is rarely encountered in humans, with fewer than 30 documented cases. Clinically, there is fever, hepatomegaly and eosinophilia, and mortality is high. Corticoid treatment seven days after inoculation with c.
A fishborne parasitic zoonosis john h cross and virginia basacasevilla us naval medical research unit no. Capillaria philippinensis is a parasitic nematode which causes intestinal capillariasis. Calodium hepaticum is a rare disease with no more than 40 cases registered around the world. Till date only 37 cases have been reported worldwide out of which two are from india. Figure 2 effect of partial hepatectomy on capillaria hepaticainduced septal hepatic. Capillaria hepatica in a dog, australian veterinary.
Capillaria hepatica is a parasitic nematode that infects the liver of rats rattus spp. Andrade2 abstract septal fibrosis is a common form of hepatic fibrosis, but its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. This animal parasite has been encountered only rarely in humans. Pdf capillaria hepaticainduced hepatic fibrosis in rats. It can develop with only one definitive host, but likely requires two hosts to complete the life cycle. Capillaria hepatica wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. The most usual host is the rat, but eggs have been reported from the livers o many other mammalian f species including man asada 1929. Record of the case of a woman in panama, 28 years of age, suffering for 4 days from very acute epigastric pain at short intervals accompanied by nausea and once by vomiting. On the structure and relationships of the nematode capillaria. Capillariaisis trichurida, trichinellidae, capillaria hepatica in the. Capillaria hepatica in a dog capillaria hepatica hepaticola hepatica is a trichuroid nematode which has a large number of hosts.
Hepatic capillariasis in a 1yearold child springerlink. Capillariaisis trichurida, trichinellidae, capillaria. Capillaria hepatica is zoonotic nematode, primarily found in the liver of the rats1. The clinicopathologic features of capillaria hepatica infection in a 27yearold nigerian woman are discussed. Pdf background capillaria hepatica is a zoonotic parasite in humans and. More than 250 species are known to infect vertebrates.
In this study, for the first time, we investigated immunological profiles induced by coinfection with c. The diagnosis of this parasitosis caused bycapillaria hepatica was made by needle biopsy of the liver in a 1yearold girl who presented with a triad of persistent fever, hepatomegaly and hypereosinophilia. When chickens are mildly to moderately infected, they can show a variety of nonspecific signs from general poor health, diarrhea, and eventually death. Capillaria hepatica bancroft, 1893 2 is a zoonotic liver nematode of mammals of worldwide distribution. Capillaria hepatica now called calodium hepaticum is a nematode in the family capillariidae and a zoonotic parasite with a worldwide distribution. In an examination of sciurus niger captured in and around innis, louisiana, three out of 79 were found to be infected. Role of partial hepatectomy on capillaria hepaticainduced. Ingestion of embryonated eggs results in hepatic disease and is not associated with passage of eggs in the stool. Capillaria plica dog bladder worm is a parasitic nematode which is most often found in the urinary bladder, and occasionally in the kidneys, of dogs and foxes.
Capillaria hepatica syn calodium hepaticum, first described by bancroft 1893 is a zoonotic liver nematode of mammals with a worldwide distribution. Capillaria hepatica is a very rare zoonotic infestation which primarily infest rodents and is rarely found in humans. Capillaria hepatica syn calodium hepaticum in primates in a zoological collection in the uk. Capillaria hepatica primarily infests rodents and is rarely found in humans. Despite its broad geographic distribution and host range, the ecology of this parasite remains poorly understood. Capillaria hepatica an overview sciencedirect topics. Adult worms colonize the liver of the host 6, 9 11. It has also been found in the domestic cat, and various wild mammals.
Hepatic capillariasis american journal of clinical. Calodium hepaticum and some other capillaria species trichuridae. Enfermedades causadas por helmintos en perros y gatos. Genero capillaria son pequenos nematodos con las extremidades anteriores y posteriores afinadas. Immune responses induced by coinfection with capillaria. They have a striated shell and shallow polar prominences. However during heavy infections, it starts to have a significant impact. The usual hosts for the adult parasite are rodents, particularly. The enoplia are a subclass of nematodes in class enoplea.
Capillaria hepatica eggs capillaria hepatica eggs are 5070 m long by 3035 m wide. The nematode roundworm capillaria hepatica calodium hepaticum causes hepatic capillariasis in humans. Oral mebendazole is available for human use in the united states. Capillaria hepatica calodium hepaticum is a parasite that cause very rare but life threatening infection in human beings. Andrade2 abstract septal fibrosis of the liver regularly develops in rats infected with capillaria hepatica. Infection with capillaria hepatica is a worldwide zoonosis of small mammals, and human disease is rare. Capillaria philippinensis is a rare zoonotic intestinal parasite that is endemic in philippines and thailand.
Cases diagnosed in italy and spain were believed to be acquired abroad, with one case possibly contracted in. Capillaria definition of capillaria by medical dictionary. Capillaria hepatica is a nematode parasite of a wide range of mammalian species, and the distribution of the worm is worldwide. Fish from lagoons in northern luzon, philippines,have been shown experimentallyto be intermediatehosts of capillaria philippinensis. Capillariaisis trichurida, trichinellidae, capillaria hepatica in the brazilian amazon. Severe granulomatous hepatitis caused by capillaria. More than 160 human infections caused by have been c.
Capillaria ova and diagnosis of trichuris trichiura. An explanation for the occurrence of capillaria hepatica ova in human faeces suggested by the finding of three new hosts used as food. Capillaria hepatica calodium hepaticum infection in a horse. Albendazole, adults, 400 mg orally once a day for 10 days. Because transmission of capillaria hepatica requires the death of the host, c.
Human infection is through ingestion of eggs in foodstuffs contaminated with soil. The parasite frequently causes hepatic infections in rodents and lagomorphs. Capillaria hepatica in a dog, australian veterinary journal. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.
Pathologically, it is characterised by prominent granulomatous lesions in the liver surrounding the eggs, which on cursory examination may be confused withschistosoma mansoni. This sometimes fatal disease was first discovered in northern luzon, philippines in 1964. However, immunological parameters induced by coinfection with these parasites remain unknown. The ova found in the faeces were apparently derived from a meal containing squirrel liver. Classically, the disease has severe symptoms that mimic acute hepatitis. Capillaria hepatica syn calodium hepaticum in primates. The unembryonated eggs of capillaria hepatic a are found in the liver of the first host and reach the intestine of the second host when the first host is eaten by a predator, or undergoes natural decomposition after death. Pearsonema spp are a common haematophagous parasitic nematode of cattle worldwide capillaria spp are a major cause of economic losses in the livestock industry because they impair weight gain and increases mortality in cattle, especially in temperate areas species recognized as pathogenic in cattle include. Capillaria is a genus of nematodes in the family capillariidae or, according to classifications, in the family trichinellidae since the taxonomy of the capillariidae is disputed, species are included within the single genus capillaria or 22 different genera amphibiocapillaria, aonchotheca, baruscapillaria, calodium, capillaria, capillostrongyloides, crocodylocapillaria, echinocoleus. The clinicopathological features of capillaria hepatica infection, diagnosed on liver biopsy of a 6yearold child are discussed. Cdc capillariasis resources for health professionals.
To our knowledge, only 37 reports of human infections have been published. Less than 30 cases of human infection, mostly in children, having been recorded as far as the present authors are aware. The usual hosts for the parasite are rodents, especially wild rats and mice, but the parasites uncommonly infect various other mammals including humans. O tratamento curativo da infeccao, feito antes do 15. Capillaria hepatica is most frequently used in medical literature. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 562k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page.